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Futures basics for prop traders: ticks, points and contract sizes

How futures ticks, points and tick values work, with CME contract specs for ES, MES, NQ, MNQ, CL and GC and worked prop firm sizing examples.

November 3, 2026

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If you come to futures from forex or stocks, the way profit and loss is measured can be confusing at first. Futures prices move in fixed steps called ticks, and every contract has a set dollar value per tick. Once you know those two numbers, you can work out the dollar risk of any trade and size it to a prop firm's limits.

Ticks, points and tick value

  • Tick size: the smallest price step a contract can move.
  • Tick value: the dollar profit or loss per contract for a one-tick move.
  • Point: a one-unit move in the price (for example, from 5000.00 to 5001.00). How many ticks make a point depends on the tick size.

The formula for dollar risk is simple:

Dollar risk = ticks to your stop x tick value x number of contracts

Common CME contracts

These are the standard CME Group contract specifications for some of the most traded futures:

ContractTick sizeTick valueValue of a 1.00 move
E-mini S&P 500 (ES)0.25$12.50$50 (4 ticks)
Micro E-mini S&P 500 (MES)0.25$1.25$5 (4 ticks)
E-mini Nasdaq-100 (NQ)0.25$5.00$20 (4 ticks)
Micro E-mini Nasdaq-100 (MNQ)0.25$0.50$2 (4 ticks)
Crude oil (CL)0.01$10.00$1,000 (100 ticks)
Gold (GC)0.10$10.00$100 (10 ticks)

Micro contracts are one-tenth the size of their E-mini counterparts, so 10 MES contracts carry the same risk as 1 ES contract.

Worked examples

ES and MES

A 6-point stop on ES is 24 ticks (6 x 4). At $12.50 per tick, that is 24 x $12.50 = $300 per contract. The same stop on MES is 24 x $1.25 = $30 per contract.

NQ and MNQ

A 25-point stop on NQ is 100 ticks. At $5.00 per tick, that is $500 per contract. On MNQ, it is 100 x $0.50 = $50.

Crude oil and gold

A 30-cent stop on CL is 30 ticks x $10.00 = $300. A $4.00 stop on GC is 40 ticks x $10.00 = $400.

Sizing to a prop firm account

Futures prop firms usually set limits in dollars, not percentages. Take a hypothetical 50k account with a $2,000 maximum drawdown and a $1,000 daily loss limit, and say you plan to risk no more than $200 per trade.

  • A 6-point ES stop risks $300, which is more than your $200 budget, so 1 ES is too large.
  • The same stop on MES risks $30 per contract. $200 / $30 = 6.67, so round down to 6 MES, risking $180.
  • A 25-point stop on MNQ risks $50 per contract, so 4 MNQ risks exactly $200.

At $200 per trade, 5 straight losses use the whole $1,000 daily limit, and 10 use the full $2,000 drawdown. Micros give you much finer control, which is why many prop traders start with them. The futures calculator and position size calculator do this math for you.

Other things that affect your numbers

  • Contract limits: firms cap how many contracts you can hold, and some count micros at a ratio to minis. Check how your firm counts them.
  • Commissions and fees: they are charged per contract, so trading many micros can cost more in fees than one mini with the same risk.
  • Trading hours: CME futures trade nearly 24 hours a day on weekdays, but many prop firms require you to be flat before a set time each day. Read the firm's cutoff rule.
  • Drawdown type: a trailing drawdown moves with your balance, so your real room can be smaller than the headline number. See drawdown explained.

Comparing markets? Our forex vs futures prop firms guide covers the differences, and our list of NinjaTrader and Tradovate prop firms shows which futures firms support those platforms.

Examples use hypothetical numbers for illustration. Trading futures, forex and CFDs involves risk, and nothing here is financial advice.

FAQ

How much is one tick on ES worth?

One ES tick is 0.25 points and is worth $12.50 per contract, so a full point is worth $50.

How many MES contracts equal one ES?

Micro contracts are one-tenth the size, so 10 MES contracts carry the same risk as 1 ES.

How do I calculate dollar risk on a futures trade?

Multiply the ticks to your stop by the tick value and the number of contracts.

Educational content only, not financial advice. Trading involves substantial risk of loss. Prop firm rules change often; check the firm's official terms. Some links may be affiliate links; see our disclosure.

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